NEED FOR EARLY DECISIONS FOR APPROVAL OF FOREIGN VACCINES

    NEED FOR EARLY DECISIONS FOR APPROVAL OF FOREIGN VACCINES

                                                                                                     Nikunja Bihari Sahu

                                                                                        

                     In view of augmenting the shortfall of Coronavirus vaccines in the country at a time when the second wave of the pandemic sweeping the world , the government is considering emergency approvals to some known foreign vaccines for entry into Indian market . Accordingly, vaccines cleared for use in the US, the UK, the EU and Japan or under WHO’s emergency use listing will get fast-track approval in India potentially boosting the country’s pandemic response  and to fulfill its commitment of ‘Vaccine for All’ programme. If everything goes well, three vaccine companies such as Pfizer, Moderna , Johnson & Johnson may enter into Indian market very soon  for emergency use.

          As per the recent recommendation of the National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for Covid-19 (NEGVAC), the vaccines approved by the reputed Regulatory authorities of the world may be included in the country's vaccination programme skipping the local clinical trial phases and only adhering to the Bridging clinical trials as per the provisions of the Second Schedule of the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules- 2019. As a pre-condition, the first 100 beneficiaries of such foreign vaccines shall be assessed for seven days of observation for safety outcomes before further immunisation takes place within the country.

         India, the world’s biggest maker of vaccines, has so far approved the Oxford-AstraZeneca’s   Covishield and Bharat Biotech’s homegrown Covaxin doses for which the national vaccination has already commenced in January 16.  A third vaccine, Sputnik V made by Russia’s Gamaleya Institute, was also approved recently and a group of five Indian pharmaceutical companies have entered into contracts to produce the doses in India. Dr Reddy’s Lab has the rights for distribution of the first 100 million doses in India of which early doses are expected to be available by the end of April.

            Though India was the fastest in the world to vaccine 100 million people, concerns have been mounting whether there are adequate supplies in the country to meet the requirements of its vast population. While the daily production of the two Indian vaccines is around 25 lakh doses, the daily demand for vaccines in the country is around 32 lakhs. An estimated 85 crore doses of the Russian vaccine is expected to roll out per year once the production starts and the vaccine has been found to be 91.6% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Hence, the approval to the Russian vaccine is going to be a game changer in the Indian scenario and expected to bridge the gap of vaccine production and demand in the country in days to come.

           However, the government has been late enough to decide giving approvals to the entry of foreign vaccines in India and that to at a time when the country is facing acute shortage of vaccines and many of the inoculation centres in rural India are facing the risk of closure due to non supply of doses. As per instance, the American Pfizer company had approached India for approval since last December and even the Company was ready to supply the Cold Box to store the vaccine at -70 degrees C. But the Indian government denied approval at that time on the ground of the non-feasibility of this low temperature conditions in Indian conditions to keep its cold chain going. Now, the question is whether a monitoring of only 7 days in the post vaccination period to a limited number of people is sufficient to judge the safety of these vaccines in a surging pandemic situation. Similarly, the decision in favour of the Russian vaccine also appears to be sluggish although 59 countries around the world had already accorded emergency approvals since its introduction in last August in view of its high efficacy rate of around 92% (in contrast to Covaxine 82% and Covieshield 80%) and for the fact that its storage is quite easy at 2 to 8 degrees C making very much suitable for Indian supply chain conditions. An early decision in this regard by the government might have prevented the worsening situation prevailing today.



                                                               Education Officer
                                                             Regional Science Centre
                                                         Bhopal

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